Petr Leonidovich Kapitsa - Soviet physicist, engineer na onye ohuru. V. Lomonosov (1959). Ọ bụ onye otu USSR Academy of Sciences, Royal Society of London na US National Academy of Sciences. Chevalier nke 6 Iwu nke Lenin.
Enwere ọtụtụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ na akụkọ ndụ Pyotr Kapitsa nke ga-amasị gị.
Yabụ, n'ihu gị bụ obere akụkọ ndụ Peter Kapitsa.
Biography nke Peter Kapitsa
A mụrụ Petr Kapitsa na June 26 (July 8) 1894 na Kronstadt. O tolitere ma zụlite ya na ezinụlọ gụrụ akwụkwọ.
Nna ya, Leonid Petrovich, bụ injinia ndị agha, nne ya, Olga Ieronimovna, na-amụ akụkọ ifo na akwụkwọ ụmụaka.
Nwatakịrị na ntorobịa
Mgbe Peter dị afọ 11, ndị mụrụ ya zigara ya n'ụlọ egwuregwu ahụ. Isiokwu kachasị sie ike nwata nwoke bụ Latin, nke ọ na-enweghị ike ịmara.
Maka nke a, n'afọ na-esote Kapitsa zigara ụlọ akwụkwọ Kronstadt. N'ebe a, o nwetara akara dị elu na ọzụzụ niile, na-agụsị akwụkwọ na nsọpụrụ.
Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, nwa okorobịa ahụ chere echiche nke ọma banyere ọdịnihu ya. N’ihi nke a, ọ banyere na St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute na Ngalaba Electromechanics.
N’oge na-adịghị anya, nwa akwụkwọ nwere ọgụgụ isi mere ka ọkà mmụta sayensị a ma ama bụ́ Abram Ioffe lebara onwe ya anya. Onye nkụzi ahụ nyere ya ọrụ n’ụlọ ime nnyocha ya.
Ioffe mere ike ya niile iji mee Pyotr Kapitsa ọkachamara ọkachamara ruru eru. Ọzọkwa, na 1914 o nyeere ya aka ịhapụ Scotland. Ọ bụ na mba a ka nwa akwụkwọ a jidere n'Agha Worldwa Mbụ (1914-1918).
Ọnwa ole na ole ka e mesịrị, Kapitsa jisiri ike laghachi n'ụlọ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ gara n'ihu ihu ozugbo. Nwa okorobịa physic rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ụgbọ ala.
Na 1916, Pyotr Kapitsa mebiri emebi, mgbe nke a gasịrị ọ laghachiri St. Petersburg, ebe ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe omume sayensị. Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ nke akụkọ ndụ ya ka e bipụtara isiokwu mbụ ya.
Ọrụ sayensị
Ọbụna tupu ịgbachitere diplọma ya, Ioffe ji n'aka na a na-arụ ọrụ Peter na andlọ Ọrụ Roentgenological na Radiological. Na mgbakwunye, onye nkụzi ahụ nyeere ya aka ịga mba ọzọ iji nweta ihe ọmụma ọhụrụ.
Ekwesiri ighota na n'oge ahu obu ihe siri ike inweta nzere iga mba ozo. Naanị ekele maka Maxim Gorky, Kapitsa kwere ka ọ gaa Great Britain.
Na Britain, otu nwa akwụkwọ bụ́ onye Russia ghọrọ onye ọrụ nke Laboratory Cavendish. Onye ndu ya bụ nnukwu dibia bekee bụ Ernest Rutherford. Mgbe ọnwa 2 gachara, Peter bụrịrị onye ọrụ nke Cambridge.
Kwa ụbọchị onye ntorobịa sayensị na-etolite talent ya, na-egosipụta ọkwa dị elu na usoro mmụta bara uru. Kapitsa malitere nyocha nke ọma banyere ọrụ ndọta magburu onwe ya, na-eduzi ọtụtụ nyocha.
Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị mbụ nke physics bụ ịmụ banyere oge magnetik nke atọm dị na ndọta magnet na-adịghị mma, yana Nikolai Semenov. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ rụpụtara nyocha Stern-Gerlach.
Mgbe ọ dị afọ 28, Pyotr Kapitsa gbachitere ihe mmụta doctoral ya nke ọma, na afọ 3 mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a họpụtara ya osote onye isi ụlọ nyocha maka nyocha ndọta.
Emechaa, Peter Leonidovich bụ onye otu Royal Society of London. N'oge a nke akụkọ ndụ ya, ọ nyochare mgbanwe mgbanwe nuklia na mbibi redioaktivu.
Kapitsa jisiri ike ịmepụta ngwá ọrụ na-enye ohere ịhazi ebe magnetik dị ike. N'ihi nke a, o nwere ike nweta arụmọrụ dị elu na mpaghara a, karịa ndị niile bu ya ụzọ.
Eziokwu na-adọrọ mmasị bụ na Lev Landau n'onwe ya chọpụtara uru nke onye sayensị Russia.
Iji gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ ya, Pyotr Kapitsa kpebiri ịlaghachi Russia, ebe ọ bụ na achọrọ ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ọmụmụ nke physics dị ala.
Ndị ọchịchị Soviet nwere obi ụtọ na nloghachi nke ọkà mmụta sayensị. Agbanyeghị, Kapitsa gosipụtara otu ihe: ịhapụ ya ịhapụ Soviet Union n'oge ọ bụla.
N’oge na-adịghị anya, ọ bịara doo anya na gọọmentị Soviet kagburu visa Britain nke Peter Kapitsa. Nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ na o nwekwaghị ikike ịhapụ Russia.
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Britain gbalịrị n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iji metụta omume na-ezighị ezi nke ndị ndu Soviet, mana mbọ ha niile enweghị isi.
Na 1935, Petr Leonidovich ghọrọ onye isi nke Institute for Physical Problems na Russian Academy of Sciences. Ọ hụrụ sayensị n'anya nke ukwuu nke na aghụghọ nke ndị ọchịchị Soviet emeghị ka ọ kwụsị ọrụ ya.
Kapitsa rịọrọ ka akụrụngwa ọ rụrụ ọrụ na England. N'ịdabere na ihe na-emenụ, Rutherford kpebiri na ya agaghị etinye aka na ire ere Soviet Union.
Onye ọkà mmụta ahụ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe n'ọhịa nke magnet. Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ gasịrị, ọ meziwanye turbine nke nwụnye, ekele nke arụmọrụ ikuku na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Helium na-akpaghị aka mma na expander.
Eziokwu na-adọrọ mmasị bụ na a na-eji ngwa ndị dị otú ahụ eme ihe n'ụwa nile taa. Agbanyeghị, nchọpụta bụ isi na akụkọ ndụ Pyotr Kapitsa bụ ihe ngosipụta nke helium superfluidity.
Enweghị viscosity nke ihe ahụ na okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru 2 Celsius C bụ nkwubi okwu a na-atụghị anya ya. N'ihi ya, physics nke mmiri Quantum bilitere.
Ndị ọchịchị Soviet gbasoro ọrụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị anya. Ka oge na-aga, e nyere ya ikike isonye na imepụta bọmbụ atọm.
Ọ dị mkpa ikwusi ike na Petr Kapitsa jụrụ ịkwado, n'agbanyeghị atụmatụ ndị baara ya uru. N'ihi ya, ewepụrụ ya na ọrụ sayensị wee maa ya ikpe afọ 8 nke njide ụlọ.
N'ịbụ onye a na-akpagbu site n'akụkụ niile, Kapitsa achọghị ịghọta ihe na-eme. N'oge na-adịghị anya, o jisiri ike mepụta ụlọ nyocha na dacha ya. N'ebe ahụ, ọ duziri nyocha ma mụọ ike mmiri ọgwụ.
Pyotr Kapitsa nwere ike ịmaliteghachi ọrụ sayensị ya naanị mgbe Stalin nwụsịrị. N'oge ahụ ọ na-amụ plasma dị elu dị elu.
Mgbe e mesịrị, na-adabere na ọrụ nke physics, e wuru a thermonuclear chernobyl. Na mgbakwunye, Kapitsa nwere mmasị na njirimara nke ọkụ bọl, ndị na-emepụta microwave na plasma.
Mgbe ọ dị afọ 71, Pyotr Kapitsa nyere onyinye Niels Bohr, nke enyere ya na Denmark. Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, ọ nwere ihu ọma ịga leta America.
Na 1978 Kapitsa natara Nobel Nrite na Physics maka nyocha ya na ogo ala.
Akpọrọ onye dibia bekee "Kapitsa pendulum" - ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke na-egosi nkwụsi ike na ọnọdụ enweghị atụ. Mmetụta Kapitza-Dirac na-egosi mgbasa nke electrons na ohere nke ikuku electromagnetic.
Ndụ onwe
Nwunye mbụ nke Peter bụ Nadezhda Chernosvitova, onye ọ lụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 22. Na alụmdi na nwunye a, di na nwunye ahụ nwere nwa nwoke Jerome na Nadezhda.
Ihe niile na-aga nke ọma ruo oge oge ezinụlọ ahụ dum, ewezuga Kapitsa, dara ọrịa ịrịa Spanish. N’ihi ya, nwunye ya na ụmụ ya abụọ nwụrụ n’ọrịa ọjọọ a.
Peter Kapitsa nyeere ya aka ịlanarị ọdachi a site n'aka nne ya, onye mere ihe niile iji belata nhụjuanya nke nwa ya nwoke.
N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1926, physics zutere Anna Krylova, onye bụ nwa nke otu n'ime ndị ọrụ ibe ya. Ndị na-eto eto gosipụtara mmasị ha nwere, n'ihi nke a ha kpebiri ịlụ n'afọ ọzọ.
N'alụmdi na nwunye a, di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ - Sergey na Andrey. Yana Anna, Peter biri 57 afọ. Nwanyị abụghị naanị nwunye kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi, mana ọ bụkwa onye enyemaka na ọrụ sayensị ya.
Na oge ya n'efu, Kapitsa nwere mmasị na cheesi, ndozi elekere na ịkwa nkà.
Petr Leonidovich gbalịrị ịgbaso ụdị nke ọ malitere n'oge ndụ ya na Great Britain. Tobacco tobaccoụ sịga rikwara ya ahụ́, ọ masịrị ya iyi uwe ndị mmadụ ga-eyi.
Na mgbakwunye, Kapitsa biri n'ụlọ obibi ụdị bekee.
Ọnwụ
Ruo mgbe ụbọchị ya ga-agwụ, onye sayensị Russia gosipụtara mmasị dị ukwuu na sayensị. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ nyocha na isi na thelọ Ọrụ Maka Nsogbu Ahụ.
Izu ole na ole tupu ọnwụ ya, onye mmụta ahụ nwere ọrịa strok. Petr Leonidovich Kapitsa nwụrụ n'April 8, 1984, na-enwetaghị mmụọ, mgbe ọ dị afọ 89.
N’oge niile ọ dịrị ndụ, physics bụ onye na-agba mbọ maka udo. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ịdị n'otu nke ndị sayensị Russia na America. Iji cheta ya, thelọ Akwụkwọ Nkà Mmụta Sayensị nke Russia guzobere Nrite ọla edo P. L. Kapitsa.
Foto nke Petr Kapitsa sere
