Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich (1906-1975) - onye Russia na Soviet dere, onye ọkpọ na onye nkụzi egwu. Ndị mmadụ Artist nke USSR na onyinye nke ọtụtụ ugwu enọ.
Otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu na narị afọ nke 20, onye edemede nke symphonies 15 na quartets 15, egwu egwu 6, opera 3, bọọlụ 3, ọtụtụ ọrụ nke egwu ụlọ.
E nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ na-atọ ụtọ na akụkọ ndụ Shostakovich, nke anyị ga-atụle n'isiokwu a.
Yabụ, n'ihu gị bụ obere akụkọ ndụ Dmitry Shostakovich.
Akụkọ banyere Shostakovich
A mụrụ Dmitry Shostakovich na Septemba 12 (25), 1906. Nna ya, Dmitry Boleslavovich gụrụ akwụkwọ physics na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum St.
Mama mama onye dere ya, bụ Sofya Vasilievna, bụ onye ọkpọ. Ọ bụ ya mere ka ụmụ egwu atọ nwee ịhụnanya maka egwu: Dmitry, Maria na Zoya.
Nwatakịrị na ntorobịa
Mgbe Shostakovich dị ihe dị ka afọ 9, ndị mụrụ ya zigara ya na Gymnasium Azụmaahịa. N'otu oge ahụ, nne ya kụziiri ya ịkpọ piano. N’oge na-adịghị anya, ọ kpọọrọ nwa ya nwoke gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu nke onye nkuzi ama ama bụ Glasser.
N'okpuru nduzi nke Glasser, Dmitry nwetara ihe ịga nke ọma n'egwu piano, mana onye nkụzi ahụ akụzighi ya ihe mejupụtara, n'ihi nke a nwata nwoke ahụ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbe afọ 3 gachara.
N'oge ahụ nke akụkọ ndụ ya, Shostakovich dị afọ 11 hụrụ otu ihe egwu jọgburu onwe ya nke ọ chetara n'oge ndụ ya niile. N'ihu ya, Cossack, gbasasiri igwe mmadu, gbu nwata jiri mma agha. Mgbe e mesịrị, onye na-eto eto na-ede egwú ga-ede akwụkwọ "Ememe olili ozu na ncheta nke ndị metụtara mgbanwe", dabere na ncheta ọdachi ahụ mere.
Na 1919 Dmitry meriri ule ahụ na Petrograd Conservatory. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nọ na-eduzi. Ọnwa ole na ole ka e mesịrị, nwa okorobịa ahụ dere ọrụ izizi mbụ ya - "Scherzo fis-moll".
N'afọ sochirinụ, Shostakovich banyere kụrụ piano nke Leonid Nikolaev. Ọ malitere ịga Anna Vogt Circle, nke lekwasịrị anya na ndị na-egwu egwú Western.
Dmitry Shostakovich ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi gụọ akwụkwọ na Conservatory, n'agbanyeghị oge siri ike metụtara Russia mgbe ahụ: Agha Iwa Mbụ (1914-1918), Ọchịchị October, ụnwụ. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụbọchị ọ bụla a na-ahụ ya na Philharmonic dị na mpaghara, ebe ọ na-eji obi ụtọ na-ege ntị na egwu.
Dị ka onye na-ede egwú n'oge ahụ si kwuo, n'ihi adịghị ike anụ ahụ, ọ ghaghị iji ụkwụ gaa ụlọ nlekọta ahụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi n'eziokwu na Dmitry enweghị ike ịpinye n'ime tram ahụ, nke ọtụtụ narị mmadụ gbalịrị ịbanye.
N'ịbụ onye nwere nnukwu nsogbu akụ na ụba, Shostakovich nwetara ọrụ na sinima dị ka onye piano, onye soro ihe nkiri sịnịma nkịtị na arụmọrụ ya. Shostakovich chetara oge a na ịkpọasị. Ọrụ ahụ na-akwụ obere ụgwọ ma na-ewe nnukwu ume.
N'oge ahụ, onye prọfesọ nke St. Petersburg Conservatory Alexander Glazunov nyere aka na nkwado dị ukwuu nye onye na-akụ egwu, onye nwere ike iwetara ya ego na agụmakwụkwọ onwe onye.
Na 1923 Shostakovich gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Conservatory na piano, na afọ ole na ole mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị.
Ihe okike
N'etiti afọ ndị 1920, onye nduzi German bụ Bruno Walter hụrụ ikike Dmitry, onye bịara na Soviet Union na mgbe ahụ. Ọ gwara onye na-eto eto na-ede egwú ka o ziga ya Germany akara nke Symphony nke Mbụ, nke Shostakovich dere n'oge ọ bụ nwata.
N'ihi nke a, Bruno mere otu ihe site na onye egwu Russia na Berlin. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị Symphony nke mbụ ndị ọzọ ama ama na-eme mba ọzọ. N'ihi nke a, Shostakovich nwetara ụdị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile.
N’afọ ndị 1930, Dmitry Dmitrievich dere opera Lady Macbeth nke Mtsensk District. Eziokwu na-adọrọ mmasị bụ na na mbido ọrụ a ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nata na USSR, mana emesịrị katọọ ya nke ukwuu. Joseph Stalin kwuru banyere opera dị ka egwu nke ndị Soviet na-egeghị ntị.
N'ime afọ ndị ahụ, akụkọ ndụ Shostakovich dere symphonies 6 na "Jazz Suite". N’afọ 1939, ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ.
N'ime ọnwa mbụ nke Agha Ukwu Patriotic (1941-1945), onye na-ede ihe rụrụ ọrụ na okike nke egwu egwu 7th. Emere ya na Russia na March 1942, mgbe ọnwa 4 gachara, e gosipụtara ya na United States. N'August nke otu afọ ahụ, a na-eme egwu na Leningrad gbara gburugburu wee bụrụ ezigbo agbamume nye ndị bi na ya.
N'oge agha ahụ, Dmitry Shostakovich jisiri ike mepụta 8 Symphony, nke e dere na ụdị neoclassical. Maka egwu egwu ya site na 1946 e nyere ya onyinye atọ Stalin!
Ka o sina dị, afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, ndị ọchịchị doro Shostakovich nkatọ siri ike, na-ebo ya ebubo "bourgeois formalism" na "na-eme mkpesa n'ihu West." N’ihi nke a, a napụrụ nwoke ahụ ọkwa prọfesọ.
N'agbanyeghị mkpagbu ahụ, na 1949, e kwere ka onye egwu ahụ gbaga America maka ọgbakọ ụwa maka ịgbachitere udo, ebe o kwuru ogologo okwu. N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ natara Onyinye Stalin nke anọ maka cantata Abụ nke ọhịa.
Na 1950, Dmitry Shostakovich, nke sitere na oru nke Bach, dere 24 Preludes na Fugues. Mgbe e mesịrị ọ gosipụtara usoro egwuregwu "Egwú maka lsmụ Bebi", ma dekwa Symphonies nke iri na nke iri na otu.
Na nkera nke abụọ nke afọ ndị 1950, enwere nchekwube nke egwu Shostakovich. N’afọ 1957, ọ ghọrọ onye isi ndị otu Composers ’Union, ka afọ atọ gachara, ọ ghọrọ onye otu Communist Party.
Na 60s, nna ukwu dere Symphonies iri na abụọ, nke iri na atọ na nke iri na anọ. Arụla ọrụ ya na obodo kacha mma philharmonic n'ụwa. Na ngwụcha nke ọrụ egwu ya, ederede gbara ọchịchịrị bidoro ịpụta na ọrụ ya. Ọrụ ikpeazụ ya bụ Sonata maka Viola na Piano.
Ndụ onwe
N'ime afọ ndụ ya, Dmitry Shostakovich lụrụ di na nwunye ugboro atọ. Nwunye mbụ ya bụ Nina Vasilievna nke na-enyocha mbara igwe. N'ime njikọ a, a mụrụ nwa nwoke Maxim na nwa agbọghọ Galina.
Di na nwunye ahụ bikọtara ọnụ ihe dịka afọ 20, ruo mgbe Nina Vasilievna nwụrụ, onye nwụrụ na 1954. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, nwoke ahụ lụrụ Margarita Kainova, mana alụmdi na nwunye a adịteghị aka.
Na 1962 Shostakovich lụrụ Irina Supinskaya nke ugboro atọ, onye ya na ya biri ruo ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ ya. Nwanyị ahụ hụrụ di ya n'anya ma lekọta ya n'oge ọrịa ya.
Ọrịa na ọnwụ
N'afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Dmitry Dmitrievich na-arịa ọrịa, na-arịa kansa kansa. Na mgbakwunye, o nwere ọrịa siri ike metụtara mmebi nke akwara ụkwụ - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Ndị Soviet kachasị mma na ndị si mba ọzọ gbalịrị inyere onye dere ya aka, mana ahụike ya na-akawanye njọ. Na 1970-1971. Shostakovich bịara obodo Kurgan ugboro ugboro maka ọgwụgwọ na ụlọ nyocha nke Dr. Gabriel Ilizarov.
Onye na-egwu egwu ahụ mere mgbatị ma were ọgwụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Ma, ọrịa ahụ nọ na-aga n’ihu. Na 1975, o nwere nkụchi obi, nke metụtara ya bụ onye wepụtara ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ.
N'ụbọchị ọnwụ ya, Shostakovich mere atụmatụ isoro nwunye ya lelee egwuregwu bọọlụ na ngalaba ụlọ. O zitere nwunye ya maka akwụkwọ ozi, mgbe ọ lọtara, di ya anwụọla. Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich nwụrụ na August 9, 1975 mgbe ọ dị afọ 68.
Shostakovich Foto
