Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford nke Nelson (1871-1937) - British physicist nke sitere na New Zealand. A maara dịka "nna" nke physics nuklia. Onye Okike nke uwa nke Atom. 1908 Nobel Prize Laureate na Chemistry
E nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na akụkọ ndụ Ernest Rutherford, nke anyị ga-ekwu maka ha n'isiokwu a.
Yabụ, n'ihu gị bụ obere akụkọ ndụ Rutherford.
Biography nke Rutherford
A mụrụ Ernest Rutherford na August 30, 1871 n'ime obodo Spring Grove (New Zealand). No akyi bere tiaa bi no, mewaree James Rutherford, na ne yere, Marta Thompson, a na ɔyɛ bere nyinaa somfo no.
Me ne Ernest, a na wadi mfe 11 no yɛɛ adwuma wɔ Rutherford.
Nwatakịrị na ntorobịa
Site na nwata, Ernest bu onye ama ama site na ichosi na ike oru. O nwere ncheta di egwu ma buru kwa nwa siri ike ma sie ike.
Ọkammụta ọdịnihu gụrụ akwụkwọ na nsọpụrụ site na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, wee banye Nelson College. Educationallọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ya ọzọ bụ Canterbury College, nke dị na Christchurch.
N'oge a nke akụkọ ndụ ya, Rutherford ji nnukwu mmasị mụọ kemịkal na physics.
Mgbe Ernest dị afọ iri abụọ na otu, ọ natara ihe nrite maka ide akwụkwọ kacha mma banyere mgbakọ na mwepụ. Na 1892 e nyere ya aha Master of Arts, mgbe nke a gasịrị ọ malitere iduzi nyocha sayensị wee guzobe nnwale.
A kpọrọ ọrụ mbụ nke Rutherford "Magnetisation of iron in high-frequency discharges." Ọ nyochara omume nke ebili mmiri redio dị elu.
Otu ihe na-adọrọ mmasị bụ na Ernest Rutherford bụ onye mbụ kpọkọtara onye na-ege redio, tupu onye ọrụ gọọmentị ya bụ Marconi. Ngwaọrụ a mechara bụrụ ihe nchọpụta magnetik n’ụwa.
Site na onye nchoputa, Rutherford jisiri ike nweta akara nke ndị ọrụ ibe ya nyere ya nọ ihe dị ka otu kilomita site na ya.
Na 1895 Ernest ka enyere onyinye iji gụọ akwụkwọ na Great Britain. N'ihi ya, ọ nwere ihu ọma ịga England wee rụọ ọrụ na Cavendish Laboratory na Mahadum Cambridge.
Ọrụ sayensị
Na Britain, akụkọ ihe mere eme Ernest Rutherford nke sayensị metụtara oke o kwere omume.
Na mahadum, ọkà mmụta sayensị ghọrọ onye mbụ doctoral na-amụrụ ya Rector Joseph Thomson. N'oge a, nwoke ahụ na-enyocha ọnụọgụ gas gas n'okpuru mmetụta X-ray.
Mgbe ọ dị afọ 27, Rutherford nwere mmasị na ọmụmụ nke radieshon uranium radieshon - "Becquerel ụzarị". Ọ dị ịtụnanya na Pierre na Marie Curie mekwara nnwale na redio radiation.
Ka oge na-aga, Ernest malitere nyocha miri emi banyere ọkara ndụ, nke mere ka njirimara nke ihe dị ọcha, wee si otú a mepee ọkara ndụ ahụ.
Na 1898 Rutherford gara ọrụ na Mahadum McGill na Montreal. N’ebe ahụ ka ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na onye England na-ahụ maka redio, bụ Frederick Soddy, bụ onye n’oge ahụ bụ onye enyemaka ụlọ nyocha dị mfe na ngalaba kemịkal.
Na 1903, Ernest na Frederick gosipụtara ụwa sayensị echiche na-agbanwe agbanwe banyere mgbanwe nke ihe dị iche iche site na nrụrụ redioaktivu. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ha mekwara iwu banyere mgbanwe.
Ka oge na-aga, Dmitry Mendeleev na-agbakwunye echiche ha site na iji usoro oge. N'ihi ya, ọ bịara doo anya na kemịkal kemịkal nke ihe na-adabere na ụgwọ nke ntọala nke atọm ya.
N'oge biography nke 1904-1905. Rutherford bipụtara ọrụ abụọ - "Radioactivity" na "mgbanwe redioactive".
N'ime ọrụ ya, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị kwubiri na atọm bụ isi iyi nke radieshon. Ọ rụrụ ọtụtụ nnwale na mpempe akwụkwọ ọla edo na-acha uhie uhie na mkpụrụ akụkụ alpha, na-elele usoro irighiri mmiri.
Ernest Rutherford bụ onye mbụ weputara echiche banyere nhazi nke atọm. Ọ tụrụ aro na atọm nwere ọdịdị nke ụmụ irighiri mmiri na ụgwọ dị mma, ya na ndị electrons na-ezighị ezi n'ime ya.
Ka oge na-aga, ọkà mmụta physics mere usoro atọm nke mbara ala. Agbanyeghị, ihe nlere a megidere iwu nke electrodynamics nke James Maxwell na Michael Faraday wepụtara.
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị enweela ike igosi na anapụrụ ikike ngwangwa n'ike site na radieshon electromagnetic. N'ihi nke a, Rutherford gara n'ihu na-eme ka echiche ya dị ọhụrụ.
Na 1907, Ernest Rutherford biri na Manchester, ebe ọ banyere ọrụ na Mahadum Victoria. N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ mepụtara Hans Geiger mkpụrụ akwụkwọ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ alpha.
Mgbe e mesịrị, Rutherford malitere iso Niels Bohr na-emekọrịta ihe, onye bụ onye edemede nke usoro ọgụgụ isi. Ndị physics abịawo na nkwubi okwu na electrons na-agagharị gburugburu ahụ na orbit.
Grounddị atọmịk ha tụrụ atụ bụụrụ nnabata na sayensị, nke mere ka ndị sayensị niile tụleghachi echiche ha n’okwu na ngagharị.
Mgbe Ernest Rutherford dị afọ 48, ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ na Mahadum Cambridge. N'oge ahụ na akụkọ ndụ ya, ọ nwere nnukwu ugwu na ọha ma nwee ọtụtụ akara ugo mmụta.
Wɔ 1931 mu no, Onua Rutherford sii gyinae sɛ obegyae Baron. N'oge ahụ, ọ guzobere nyocha na agbawa nke atọmịk na mgbanwe nke mmiri ọgwụ. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nyochara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti oke na ike.
Ndụ onwe
Na 1895, e mere nkwekọrịta n'etiti Ernest Rutherford na Mary Newton. Okwesiri ighota na nwata nwanyi ahu bu nwa nwanyi nke onye nnabata nke ulo ulo, nke ndi physics bi na ya mgbe ahu.
Ndị na-eto eto lụrụ afọ ise mgbe e mesịrị. N'oge na-adịghị anya di na nwunye ahụ nwere otu nwa nwanyị ha mụrụ, onye ha kpọrọ Eileen Mary.
Ọnwụ
Ernest Rutherford nwụrụ na Ọktoba 19, 1937, ụbọchị anọ ka arụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa n'ihi ọrịa a na-atụghị anya ya - hernia nke a lagburu. N'oge ọnwụ ya, nnukwu ọkà mmụta sayensị dị afọ iri isii na isii.
Rutherford luru ya n'ụzọ zuru oke na Westminster Abbey. Eziokwu na-adọrọ mmasị bụ na e liri ya n'akụkụ n'akụkụ ili nke Newton, Darwin na Faraday.
Foto nke Ernest Rutherford sere
