N'etiti Onyinye Nobel ise a kwadoro (na onwu, physics, ọgwụ, akwụkwọ na udo), ọ bụ ihe ọmụmụ physics nke a na-enye dịka iwu kachasị sie ike ma nwee ikike kachasị elu na ụlọ ọrụ ya. Na enwere naanị afọ iri abụọ maka inye onyinye maka nchọta a kapịrị ọnụ - a ga-anwale ya n'oge. Ndị na-ahụ maka ahụ ike nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu - ugbu a ha anaghị eme nchọpụta mgbe ha ka dị obere, na nwa akwukwo nwere ike ịnwụ n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ime afọ 20 mgbe ọ chọpụtara.
Zhores Ivanovich Alferov nwetara onyinye na 2000 maka mmepe nke semiconductors iji mee ihe na optoelectronics. Alferov bu ụzọ nweta ụdị heterostructures semiconductor dị n'etiti afọ ndị 1970, ya mere, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Sweden ndị họọrọ ndị nturu ugo karịrị karịa "iwu nke afọ 20".
Ka ọ na-erule oge e nyere onyinye Nobel, Zhores Ivanovich nwetalarị akara mba niile onye sayensị ga-enweta. Onyinye Nobel abughi ogwugwu, ma obu okpueze nke oru ya. Enyere ihe omuma ma di nkpa site na ya:
1. Zhores Alferov mụrụ na 1930 na Belarus. Nna ya bụ onye ndu ndị isi Soviet, ya mere ezinụlọ na-akwagharị ugboro ugboro. Ọbụna tupu Agha Ukwu Patriotic, ndị Alferov jisiri ike biri na Novosibirsk, Barnaul na Stalingrad.
2. Aha a na - ahụkebe bụ ihe a na - ahụkarị na Soviet Union na 1920s na 1930s. Ndị nne na nna na-akpọkarị ụmụ ha aha ndị ama ama nke oge ochie na ọbụna ugbu a. Aha Nwanna Jaurès bụ Marx.
3. N'oge agha ahụ, Marx Alferov nwụrụ n'ihu, ezinụlọ ya biri na mpaghara Sverdlovsk. N’ebe ahụ Zhores gụsịrị klas 8. Mgbe ahụ, e zigara nna ya na Minsk, ebe nwa nwoke fọdụrụnụ ji nsọpụrụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ. Zhores hụrụ ili nwanne ya naanị na 1956.
4. A nabatara nwa akwụkwọ na nso nso a na ngalaba nke Electronic Engineering nke Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute na-enweghị ule.
5. Ugbua n'afọ nke atọ ya, Zhores Alferov malitere iduzi nnwale ndị nweere onwe ha, na mgbe gụsịrị akwụkwọ, e were ya n'ọrụ site n'aka Phystech a ma ama. Kemgbe ahụ, ndị nduzi abụrụla isi okwu nke ọrụ onye mmeri Nobel n'ọdịnihu.
6. Ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ pụtara ìhè nke Alferov bụ mkpokọta mmepe nke ụlọ transistors. Dabere na ihe nke ọrụ afọ ise ahụ, nwa okorobịa physic dere Ph.D. edemede ya, mba ahụ wee nye ya Order nke Badge of Honor.
7. Isiokwu nyocha nke onwe, nke Alferov họpụtara mgbe ọ gbachara akwụkwọ nyocha ya, ghọrọ isiokwu nke ndụ ya. O kpebiri ịrụ ọrụ na heterostructures nke semiconductor, ọ bụ ezie na n'afọ 1960, a na-ewere ha dị ka ndị na-adịghị mma na Soviet Union.
8. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, heterostructure bụ ngwakọta nke semiconductors abụọ toro na mkpụrụ osisi nkịtị. Ndị a semiconductors na gas kpụrụ n'etiti ha na-etolite a okpukpu atọ semiconductor, nke nwere ike ịmepụta laser.
9. Alferov na ndị otu ya na-arụ ọrụ na echiche nke imepụta laser heterostructure kemgbe 1963, enwetara nsonaazụ achọrọ na 1968. E nyere onyinye ahụ Lenin Prize.
10. Mgbe ahụ ndị otu Alferov malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ndị na-anabata ụzarị ọkụ ma nweta ọganiihu ọzọ. Mgbakọ mgbakọ nke igwe eji arụ ọrụ eji anya m arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu na sel nke igwe, na-enye ha ohere ịnwude ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ìhè anyanwụ niile. Nke a pụtara (ọtụtụ narị ugboro) mụbara arụmọrụ nke sel ndị dị n’igwe.
11. Ihe owuwu nke ndi otu Alferov meputara achoputa ngwa ha na mmeputa nke LED, sel nke igwe, ekwentị mkpanaaka na teknụzụ kọmputa.
12. Ogwe igwe, nke ndị otu Alferov mepụtara, na-enye ọkụ eletrik n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Mir ruo afọ 15.
13. Na 1979, a họpụtara onye sayensị ka ọ bụrụ ọkà mmụta, na 1990s, a hoputara ya osote onye isi nke Academy of Sciences. Na 2013, a họpụtara ya maka ọkwa nke Onye isi oche nke Academy of Sciences, Alferov weere ebe nke abụọ.
14. Ruo afọ 16 kemgbe 1987, Zhores Alferov tinyere isi Phystech, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na 1950s dị anya.
15. Ọkammụta Alferov bụ onye nnọchi anya ndị USSR yana onye nnọchi anya Duma State nke nzukọ niile ma ewezuga nke mbụ.
16. Zhores Ivanovich bụ onye njide zuru oke nke Order of Merit for the Fatherland na onye ji iwu ise ọzọ, gụnyere Order of Lenin, onyinye kachasị elu nke USSR.
17. N'ime onyinye ndị Alferov natara, ya na Onyinye Nobel, gunyere Ọchịchị Steeti na Lenin nke USSR, Nrite Obodo nke Russia na ihe ruru onyinye iri na abụọ nke mba ofesi.
18. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị jiri aka ya guzobere ma kwado ego maka Foundation maka Nkwado nke Ntorobịa Na-eto eto.
19. Nobel Onyinye na Physics nwere ike kere atọ, mana ọ bụghị hà n'ike-n'ike. Ya mere, ọkara nke ihe nrite ahụ ka enyere onye American Jack Kilby, ma kee nke abụọ n'etiti Alferov na onye German physics bụ Herbert Kroemer.
20. Onu ogugu Nobel na 2000 bu dollar 900. Afọ iri ka nke ahụ gasịrị, Alferov, Kilby na Kroemer ga-ekewa nde 1.5.
21. Ọkammụta Mstislav Keldysh dere na mgbe ọ gara n'ụlọ nyocha na United States, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mpaghara kwetara n'ezoghị ọnụ na ha na-ekwughachi ihe ndị Alferov mepụtara.
22. Alferov bu ezigbo akuko, ode akwukwo na onu okwu. Kroemer na Kilby gbakọrọ kwenye ka o kwuo okwu na oriri maka onyinye a - otu onye laureate na-ekwu okwu site na otu onyinye, ndị America na ndị German matakwara na onye sayensị Russia.
23. N'agbanyeghị afọ ndụ ya tozuru etozu, Zhores Ivanovich na-ebi ndụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Ọ na-eduzi mahadum, ngalaba na ụlọ ọrụ dị na Moscow na St. Petersburg, yana isi obodo Northern nke nyefere na Mọnde na Fraịdee, na Moscow - izu ndị ọzọ.
24. N'ihe banyere echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị nọ nso na ndị Kọmunist, mana ọ bụghị onye otu Communist Party nke Russian Federation. Ọ katọrọ ugboro ugboro mgbanwe ndị 1980s na 1990s na nsonaazụ nke ọha mmadụ.
25. Zhores Ivanovich lụrụ nke ugboro abụọ, o nwere nwa nwoke, nwa nwanyị, nwa nwa na ụmụ ụmụ nwanyị abụọ.
